When the North Korean males’s soccer crew took the sphere for 2 2026 World Cup qualifying matches this month, shut observers seen an necessary roster change.
Han Kwang-song, a high-profile striker, was again, greater than three years after vanishing from public view for causes past his management: United Nations-imposed sanctions on North Korean nationals over Pyongyang’s nuclear program.
Mr. Han’s story is a uncommon case of North Korea sanctions reverberating by means of skilled soccer. It additionally exhibits how enforcement of U.N. sanctions in opposition to people varies by nation.
The federal government in Italy didn’t deport Mr. Han, now 25, whereas he was taking part in skilled soccer there. However as soon as he moved to Qatar, the Qatari authorities did.
“The basic story makes sense; the surprising part is that Qatar complied with the U.N. resolutions,” mentioned Marcus Noland, an knowledgeable on North Korean sanctions and government vp of the Peterson Institute for Worldwide Economics in Washington.
A prodigy with ‘superhero’ standing
Mr. Han’s early success was partly a product of North Korea’s push to domesticate soccer expertise. After attending a prestigious soccer college based by the nation’s chief, Kim Jong-un, Mr. Han educated in Spain earlier than turning professional in Italy.
He rapidly made an impression in Europe as a speedy ahead with a watch for purpose. Again dwelling, North Korea’s official information company praised him after a 2019 Asian Cup qualifier as “the player that experts and enthusiasts paid the most attention to.”
“In North Korea, he’s a superhero,” mentioned Kim Heung-Tae, a professor of sports activities science at Daejin College in South Korea who follows the North’s soccer program.
However in 2017, as punishment for the North’s sixth nuclear weapons test, the United Nations Safety Council ordered all North Korean nationals working overseas to be repatriated by December 2019 — a technique for stopping financing of the North’s army.
Mr. Han, one among a number of North Koreans taking part in abroad in skilled soccer leagues on the time, was among the many targets.
Sanctions meet actuality
However the Italian authorities didn’t repatriate Mr. Han by the 2019 deadline, United Nations Safety Council reviews present. As an alternative, Juventus, the Italian membership the place he had been incomes greater than half one million euros a 12 months, struck a deal in early 2020 to ship him to Al-Duhail, a soccer crew in Qatar, on a five-year contract price about 4.3 million euros, about $4.7 million.
Although a Safety Council panel of consultants on North Korea contacted Italy and Qatar instantly after that switch, it was not canceled, and Juventus accepted a switch price from the Qatari membership, in response to the U.N. The panel mentioned in a report that it later “reiterated to Qatar the relevant resolutions concerning the case.”
That summer time, Mr. Han stopped showing for Al-Duhail. In January 2021, Qatar’s mission to the United Nations mentioned in a letter to the U.N. panel that Mr. Han had left Qatar after having his contract “terminated” by the membership — and that Qatar’s actions mirrored its commitments to Safety Council resolutions about North Korean nationals who earn revenue overseas.
On the time, the coronavirus pandemic was raging, and North Korea’s borders have been sealed. Qatar mentioned in its letter, a replica of which was included in a U.N. report, that Mr. Han had left the nation on Qatar Airways Flight 131 — a nonstop flight to Rome.
‘He’s in all probability been coaching all alongside’
Particulars of Mr. Han’s actions since leaving Qatar, together with the timing and circumstances of his return to North Korea, stay scarce. In line with Transfermarkt, a website that tracks soccer players and their contracts, he has not played for a professional club since July 2021.
Additionally unclear is whether or not any of Mr. Han’s earnings ever made it again to the North Korean authorities.
Mr. Han signed an settlement in 2020 with a Qatari financial institution, the place he had an account on the time, pledging to not switch any cash to his dwelling nation, in response to a U.N. report. Nonetheless, Professor Kim mentioned, North Korean brokers had probably accompanied him in all places he went abroad and restricted how he spent his earnings.
Neither FIFA, the governing physique of soccer; nor the Italian or Qatari Overseas Ministries; nor North Korea’s soccer affiliation or the Asian Soccer Confederation instantly responded to requests for remark. Nor did Al-Duhail, Juventus or Cagliari, one other crew that Mr. Han performed for in Italy.
Mr. Han’s return to competitors this month was reported earlier by CNN and the web site NK News, amongst different shops.
Professor Kim mentioned that the pandemic had in all probability curtailed many athletic occasions in North Korea, the place the long-lasting border closing crippled the nation’s economy. However soccer is the nation’s hottest sport, and Professor Kim mentioned that home competitions had in all probability been held frequently in latest months.
As for Mr. Han, Professor Kim mentioned, “he’s probably been training all along.”
Relatively than becoming a member of one other skilled league overseas, Mr. Han is prone to give attention to making ready for the 2026 World Cup, Professor Kim mentioned. He added that North Korea was aggressive in its area and had a very good probability of qualifying, partly as a result of FIFA has almost doubled the number of slots for Asian countries at that match, which will probably be held in america, Canada and Mexico.
Max Canzi, who coached Mr. Han in Italy for Cagliari’s under-19 crew, advised CNN that he was “very happy” that the striker had returned to worldwide competitors for the World Cup qualifying match in opposition to Syria in Saudi Arabia on Nov. 16.
As Mr. Han resumes his profession, Mr. Canzi added that he was “very curious about the level of his performance after being out for so much time.”
Mr. Han was substituted at halftime within the Saudi Arabia match, which North Korea misplaced, 1-0. However 5 days later in Yangon, Myanmar, he contributed to a 6-1 win over the house nation with a signature headed purpose.
